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101.
The purpose of this research note is to identify the central functions of larger Polish cities, as well as analyze their transformations resulting from changes in the administrative division of Poland. We perform the study based on the central place theory by Walter Christaller using two measures: centrality index and centrality index adjusted to its demographic potential. 相似文献
102.
Mikołaj Czajkowski Wiktor Budziński Danny Campbell Marek Giergiczny Nick Hanley 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2017,68(3):705-727
The paper investigates the spatial heterogeneity of public’s preferences for the implementation of a new country-wide forest management and protection program in Poland. Spatial econometric methods and high resolution geographical information system data related to forest characteristics are used to explain the variation in individual-specific willingness to pay (WTP) values, derived from a discrete choice experiment study. We find that respondents’ WTP is higher the closer they live to their nearest forest, and the scarcer forests are in the area where they live. Interestingly, the higher the ecological value of forests in respondents’ area, the more people prefer extending areas of national forest protection. We also investigate spatial patterns in individual-specific WTP scores and in latent class membership probabilities, finding that preferences are indeed spatially clustered. We argue that this clustering should be taken into account in forest management and policy-making. 相似文献
103.
Nick Hanley Christopher Boyce Mikołaj Czajkowski Steve Tucker Charles Noussair Michael Townsend 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2017,68(4):821-846
A substantial literature in behavioural science and psychology shows that emotions affect human choices and values. This paper investigates whether such emotional impacts are also present in stated choice experiments for environmental goods. If this were so, it would introduce an additional element of context dependence to the welfare measures derived from such methods, and would be at odds with the rational choice model underlying welfare economics. A laboratory experiment using three different emotion treatments was combined with a stated preference choice experiment concerned with changes in coastal water quality and fish populations in New Zealand. No statistically significant effects of changes in emotional state on estimated preference parameters, willingness to pay or the randomness of choices were found. The paper concludes by questioning, why such a contrast exists with empirical findings in behavioural science. 相似文献
104.
105.
Summary This paper studies the problem of estimation of the total weight of objects using a chemical balance weighing design under
the restriction |L−R| ≤a, whereL andR represent the number of objects placed on the left and right pans, respectively. A lower bound for the variance of the estimated
total weight is given and a necessary and sufficient condition for this lower bound to be attained is obtained. Finally, weighing
designs for which this lower bound is attainable are constructed. 相似文献
106.
Dr. Jacke Wesołowski 《Metrika》1989,36(1):299-309
Summary The gamma process is determined by the form of conditional expectations and conditional variances. Also a new characterization
of the gamma law is obtained and then applied to characterize the gamma process among the processes with independent increments. 相似文献
107.
In the paper the problem of optimum experimental design for estimating parameters of multivariate regression functions is
considered. We address the question: under what conditions one can compose the optimal design from partial designs, obtained
by considering partial regressions, which depend on reduced number of variables. After reinterpreting and reviewing briefly
existing results we provide some new conditions. 相似文献
108.
Przemysław Rola 《Annals of Finance》2015,11(3-4):453-475
109.
Financial Distress Prediction in an International Context: A Review and Empirical Analysis of Altman's Z‐Score Model 下载免费PDF全文
Edward I. Altman Małgorzata Iwanicz‐Drozdowska Erkki K. Laitinen Arto Suvas 《Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting》2017,28(2):131-171
This paper assesses the classification performance of the Z‐Score model in predicting bankruptcy and other types of firm distress, with the goal of examining the model's usefulness for all parties, especially banks that operate internationally and need to assess the failure risk of firms. We analyze the performance of the Z‐Score model for firms from 31 European and three non‐European countries using different modifications of the original model. This study is the first to offer such a comprehensive international analysis. Except for the United States and China, the firms in the sample are primarily private, and include non‐financial companies across all industrial sectors. We use the original Z′′‐Score model developed by Altman, Corporate Financial Distress: A Complete Guide to Predicting, Avoiding, and Dealing with Bankruptcy (1983) for private and public manufacturing and non‐manufacturing firms. While there is some evidence that Z‐Score models of bankruptcy prediction have been outperformed by competing market‐based or hazard models, in other studies, Z‐Score models perform very well. Without a comprehensive international comparison, however, the results of competing models are difficult to generalize. This study offers evidence that the general Z‐Score model works reasonably well for most countries (the prediction accuracy is approximately 0.75) and classification accuracy can be improved further (above 0.90) by using country‐specific estimation that incorporates additional variables. 相似文献
110.
We identify fiscal policy shocks in the EU new member states using four different methods. We use panel data techniques to estimate the output response to these shocks. We find that investment and export growth increase after fiscal consolidation and decelerate after fiscal stimulus when the shocks are expenditure‐based. In contrast, private consumption does not respond to fiscal policy shocks. Expenditure‐based fiscal consolidations reduce wages, supporting the view that fiscal consolidation of such composition enhances the competitiveness and profitability of domestic enterprises. In contrast, we do not find evidence of fiscal shocks affecting households' confidence. 相似文献